Efficacy is “capacity for producing a desired result or effect; effectiveness.” The adjective form efficacious means “capable of having the desired result or effect.”
Efficacy is the ability to perform a task to a satisfactory or expected degree. The word comes from the same roots as effectiveness, and it has often been used synonymously, although in pharmacology a distinction is now often made between efficacy and effectiveness.
Efficacy refers to the beneficial effects of a program or policy under optimal conditions of delivery, whereas effectiveness refers to effects of a program or policy under more real-world conditions.
Definition of efficacy noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
There are four meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun efficacy, three of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.