There are standard techniques to generate negative output voltages, and there are well-known approaches to dynamically adjust an output voltage. The missing link that I hope to address in this article ...

Electronic circuit designs often require power sources with negative output voltages. There are many different ways of producing a negative output voltage from a positive input voltage. One option is ...

Designers charged with creating precision analog front ends and signal chains know that the performance of the voltage reference—whether a discrete standalone device or one that’s embedded in a ...

Voltage references are available with fixed and adjustable reference voltage outputs. Adjustable output is set by a resistor divider connected to a reference pin. These references are either shunt ...

There are a number of reasons why an engineer would want to “split” a voltage rail in their design. Sometimes parts of the circuit, like a sensor or an IC, require a bipolar supply. Other reasons are ...