Several microcontroller applications utilize a digital-to-analog converter. Though many of these applications require a complex DAC, some may only need a simple single-channel DAC. Because most MCUs ...

This article describes a simple technique for using a processors PWM output to produce an analog control voltage that matches the load’s input range, thus maximizing control resolution. Most ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. You can build an analog calculator using a pulse-width modulator (PWM) to perform accurate four-quadrant multiplication and division.

Every PWM DAC needs analog filtering to separate the desired DC component from unwanted AC ripple. The simplest filter is the single-stage RC low-pass filter. It gives a Vrpp (ripple peak-to-peak ...

There was a time when building electronics and building software were two distinct activities. These days, almost any significant electronic project will use a CPU somewhere, or — at least — could.