The phase determines the oscillation frequency, and gain is a criterion for oscillation to exist. The four poles in the loop equation each contribute –45° phase shift accumulating the required total ...

This application note demonstrates nine different circuits that can be used to generate a sine wave. The first, a phase shift oscillator, is shown below. To view the application note, click on the URL ...

One application I recently dealt with needed multiple phases of sine waves, all of equal amplitude. I considered 45°, 60°, and 90° differences, but decided 60° was the best solution. I scoured the ...

If you’ve worked with germanium transistors, you’ll know that many of them have a disappointingly low maximum frequency of operation. This has more to do with some of the popular ones dating from the ...