At 0.13 microns and below, IC manufacturers are starting to see more defects that are not caught by traditional stuck-at-fault testing. Defects like high impedance metal, high impedance shorts, and ...
With the polar description, we write the velocity and acceleration vectors for a point in terms of the polar unit vectors e_r and e_theta. Recall that e_r points outward from the observer O and the ...
Velocity is always TANGENT to the path. Acceleration, in general, has BOTH tangential and normal components. The normal component of acceleration always points INWARD to the path. The tangential ...