A recent study saw the Thermo Scientific™ K-Alpha™ X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS) System employed in an investigation ...

XPS relies on the photoelectric effect, where irradiating a material with X-rays causes the emission of core electrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is measured, which can be directly ...

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is based on the same principle as all photoelectron spectroscopy methods. If a molecule or material is irradiated with light of a known energy above the ionization ...

X-rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, pack enough energy to pierce materials and interact with inner-shell electrons. 1 When they hit a sample, ...