Current optical fibre transmission systems rely on modulation, coding and multiplexing techniques that were originally developed for linear communication channels. However, linear transmission ...

Synchronous detection is a measurement method where a stimulus is modulated with some frequency and the response is demodulated to bring the signal back down to base band. Performed when a dc stimulus ...

Modern oscilloscopes capture, view, measure, and analyze complex RF signals in the time, frequency, and modulation domains. Time-domain analysis, the original oscilloscope function, allows users to ...

Emerging, data-intensive technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning are gaining popularity. Data centers, which act as the essential infrastructure for these technologies, need to ...

Modulation bandwidths continue to grow, promising higher data rates yet imposing test difficulties. Most test technologies are still rooted in past, narrowband architectures, which are increasingly ...