In 1905, Albert Einstein provided an explanation of the photoelectric effect – that various metals emit electrons when light is shined on them – by suggesting that a beam of light is not simply a wave ...

However, with wavelengths of only 13 nanometers and high radiation intensities of several petawatt per square centimeter something else – at least with some atoms – happens: With xenon, a whole ...

Now that LIGO has detected their first gravitational wave signal, the part of Einstein's theory that predicts that the fabric of space itself should have ripples and waves in it has been confirmed.

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Classically, light can be thought of in two ways: either as a particle or a wave. But what is it really? Well, the ‘observer effect’ makes that question kind of difficult to answer. So before we get ...

Copyright © 2017 by Scott Bembenek, PhD. This excerpt originally appeared in “The Cosmic Machine: The Science That Runs Our Universe and the Story Behind It ...

Now, for the first time, researchers have devised a new type of measurement apparatus that can detect both particle and wave-like behavior at the same time. The device relies on a strange quantum ...