The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

As far as we know, at the most basic level, the universe is made up of fundamental particles and controlled by four fundamental forces. The Standard Model explains these fundamental particles and ...

If you want to explain what was and what is, you need particle physics. Because everything we see consists of molecules and atoms, and atoms in turn consist of atomic nuclei and electrons. The atomic ...

String theory attempts to unify all forces and particles in the universe using vibrating strings. It aims to explain the Standard Model of particle physics, which is incomplete. String theory predicts ...

An initial flurry of interest in the finding didn’t last. Everyone at the time was puzzling over the Standard Model of particle physics—the set of equations describing the known elementary particles ...

The standard model of particle physics is often illustrated as a simple grid showing the 17 basic particles (shown above). But an alternative way of visualising it reveals the complex rules that ...

The Standard Model of particles and interactions is remarkably successful for a theory everyone knows is missing big pieces. It accounts for the everyday stuff we know like protons, neutrons, ...

While the Standard Model (SM) describes all known fundamental particles and many of the interactions between them, it fails to explain dark matter, dark energy and the apparent asymmetry between ...

Why do neutrinos, these elementary particles, sometimes seem to act in such a puzzling way? For decades, physicists have been faced with this puzzle, observing behaviors that do not fit ...

Predicting the numerical value of the magnetic moment of the muon is one of the most challenging calculations in high-energy physics. Some physicists spend the bulk of their careers improving the ...

Physicists have spent decades treating mass as something particles simply possess, a built-in feature explained by the Higgs ...