We are somewhat spoiled because electronics today are very reliable compared to even a few decades ago. Most modern electronics obey the bathtub curve. If they don’t fail right away, they won’t fail ...

When you first clamp your hands, mic detects the sound and triggers the 555 timer via the operational amplifier. The timer stretches the signal and applies it to the clock input of the flip-flop.

A flip-flop is one of the most basic digital electronic circuits. It can most easily be built from just two transistors, although they can and have been built out of vacuum tubes, NAND and NOR gates, ...