Switching algebra is easily visualized using switches since there are only two values: on and off, or true and false. In digital systems we represent these as 1 and 0, respectively. There are only two ...

A fundamental goal of synthetic biology is to predictably and efficiently reprogram cells to perform computations and carry out specific biological tasks 1. Cells genetically engineered with ...

In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...

Op amps excel at providing many useful and clever solutions to routine or complicated circuit functions. A summing circuit is a perfect example. A summing circuit is typically used in applications ...

RF instruments and wireless transceivers often feature an input for an external reference clock, such as the ubiquitous 10MHz reference input port found on RF instruments. Many of these same systems ...

Circuits that carry femtoamperes of current have many subtleties that you wouldn’t normally consider in the design and layout of conventional circuitry. If you overlook these subtleties, the circuit ...