Vertebrates (/ ˈvɜːrtəbrɪt, - ˌbreɪt /), [3] also called craniates, are animals with a vertebral column and a cranium. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord, while the …

Feb 16, 2026 · Vertebrates are defined by having backbones, a muscular system with bilaterally paired masses, and a central nervous system partly enclosed within the backbone.

Jan 3, 2026 · Animals are classified as vertebrates or invertebrates based on whether they have a backbone. Vertebrates possess a vertebral column, internal skeleton, and highly developed …

Thus, vertebrates refer to animals with a characteristic bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton known as the vertebral column, spine, or backbone. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and …

Mar 17, 2025 · Vertebrates are classified into five main groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, each with unique features and adaptations to their habitats. Vertebrates display …

Vertebrates, which include fishes, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals, all share a vertebral column, or a chain of bony elements (vertebrae) that run along the dorsal surface from head to …

Aug 14, 2025 · Vertebrates are a diverse group of animals found across nearly every environment on Earth, from fish in oceans to birds soaring above and mammals, including humans, on land.