A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and can be used in a formula so that Microsoft Office Excel can find the values or data that you want that formula to calculate.

By default, a cell reference is a relative reference, which means that the reference is relative to the location of the cell. If, for example, you refer to cell A2 from cell C2, you are actually …

References are immediately evaluated to display their contents. Use INDIRECT when you want to change the reference to a cell within a formula without changing the formula itself.

The #REF! error shows when a formula refers to a cell that's not valid. This happens most often when cells that were referenced by formulas get deleted, or pasted over.

Returns a reference to a range that is a specified number of rows and columns from a cell or range of cells. The reference that is returned can be a single cell or a range of cells.

A 3-D reference is useful and convenient way to reference several worksheets that follow the same pattern and cells on each worksheet contain the same type of data, such as when you …

Find and remove a circular reference. You can also learn about the circular reference warning message and iterative calculation in Excel.

By default, a cell reference is relative. For example, when you refer to cell A2 from cell C2, you are actually referring to a cell that is two columns to the left (C minus A), and in the same row …

Structured references make it easier to use formulas with Excel tables by replacing cell references, such as C2:C7, with predefined names for the items in a table.

You can use the ADDRESS function to obtain the address of a cell in a worksheet, given specified row and column numbers. For example, ADDRESS (2,3) returns $C$2.